POLICE DISCRETION AND PROCEDURAL JUSTICE
policing diverse communities
Resumo
Discricionariedade é uma característica importante e inevitável da atividade policial que levanta várias discussões entre acadêmicos e profissionais da área devido ao impacto significativo que as decisões policiais podem ter na vida dos cidadãos e na credibilidade das instituições policiais. Esse atributo polêmico do poder de polícia apresenta desafios ao exercício do policiamento em sociedades democráticas. O presente artigo argumenta que agir com justiça procedimental sustenta os poderes discricionários da polícia. Também apresenta exemplos reais de como o exercício da discricionariedade no policiamento de comunidades heterogêneas pode ser usado para contrariar ou endossar princípios de igualdade e justiça procedimental.
Referências
ARAÚJO, N. V. de; LIMA, A. J. de. (2012). Policiais militares em greve: os significados da ação coletiva. Revista Políticas Públicas, 16(1), 247-259. Available: http://www.periodicoseletronicos.ufma.br/index.php/rppublica/article/view/1196
BAYLEY, D. H. (2006). Padrões de policiamento: Uma análise internacional comparativa. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 1. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
BERKMAN, M.; ESSERMAN, D. (2004). Police in the lives of young children exposed to domestic violence. Series early childhood, domestic violence, and poverty: helping young children and their families, (4). The University of Iowa. Available: https://clas.uiowa.edu/socialwork/sites/clas.uiowa.edu.socialwork/files/paper_4.pdf
BRADFORD, B. (2014). Policing and social identity: Procedural justice, inclusion and cooperation between police and public. Policing and Society, 24(1), 22-43. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2012.724068
BRADFORD, B.; QUINTON, P. (2014). Self-legitimacy, police culture and support for democratic policing in an english constabulary. British Journal of Criminology, 54(6), 1023-1046. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu053
BRONITT, S. H.; STENNING, P. (2011). Understanding discretion in modern policing. Criminal Law Journal, 35, 319-332. Available: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2611449
DE LINT, W. (1998). Regulating autonomy: Police discretion as a problem for training. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 40, 277-304. Available: http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=174386
DUNN, K.; ATIE, R.; KENNEDY, M.; ALI, J.; O’REILLY, J.; ROGERSON, L. (2016). Can you use community policing for counter terrorism? Evidence from NSW, Australia. Police Practice and Research, 17(3), 1-16. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1015126
EGGER, S.; FINDLAY, M. (1988). The politics of police discretion. In M. Findlay & R. Hogg (Eds.), Understanding crime and criminal justice (pp. 209-223). Sydney, Australia: The Law Book Company.
EREZ, E.; FINCKENAUER, J. O.; IBARRA, P. R. (2003). Introduction: policing a multicultural society. Police & Society, 7, 5-12.
FINNANE, M. (1990). Police and politics in Australia: The case for historical revision. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 23(4), 218-228. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589002300402
GALLAGHER, T. (1979). Discretion in police enforcement. In L. E. Abt & I. R. Stuart (Eds.), Social psychology and discretionary law (pp. 136-155). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
GOLDSMITH, A. (1990). Taking police culture seriously: Police discretion and the limits of the law. Policing and Society, 1, 91-114. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1990.9964608
GOLDSTEIN, H. (1963). Police discretion: The ideal versus the real. Public Administration Review, 23(3), 140-148. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/973838
___________. (2006). Policiando uma sociedade livre. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 9. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
GOODMAN-DELAHUNTY, J. (2010). Four ingredients: New recipes for procedural justice in Australian policing. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 4(4), 403-410. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paq041
GOTTFREDSON, M. R.; GOTTFREDSON, D. M. (1988). Decision making in criminal justice: Towards the rational exercise of discretion (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum.
GREENE, L. (2015). Before and after Michael Brown: Toward an end to structural and actual violence. Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, 49(1). Available: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol49/iss1/7/
HESTER, N.; GRAY, K. (2018). For Black men, being tall increases threat stereotyping and police stops. PNAS, 115(11), 2711-2715. Available: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1714454115
KELLING, G. (1999). “Broken windows” and police discretion. Research report. Washington, DC, United States of America: National Institute of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178259.pdf
KINSEY, R.; YOUNG, J. (1982). Police autonomy and the politics of discretion. In: D. Cowell, T. Jones & J. Young (Eds.), Policing the riots (pp.118-134). London: Junction Books.
KLOCKARS, C. (1986). Street justice: Some micro-moral reservations: Comment on Sykes. Justice Quarterly, 3(4), 513–516. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418828600089091
MADON, N. S.; MURPHY, K.; SARGEANT, E. (2017). Promoting police legitimacy among disengaged minority groups: Does procedural justice matter more? Criminology & Criminal Justice, 17(5), 624-642. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895817692849
MONET, J. C. (2006). Polícias e sociedades na Europa. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 3. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
__________. (2002). O que faz a polícia: Sociologia da Força Pública. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 10. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
MUNIZ, J. O. Ser policial é, sobretudo, uma razão de ser: cultura e cotidiano da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro. Available: https://www.ucamcesec.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Ser_policial_sobretudo_razao_ser.pdf
PIKE, M. S. (1985). The principles of policing. London: Macmillan.
REINER, R. (2004). A política da polícia. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 11. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
ROBINSON, C.; SCAGLION, R. (1987). The origin and evolution of the police function in society: Notes toward a theory. Law and Society Review, 20(1987), 109-154. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053387
SPALEK, B. (2010). Community policing, trust, and Muslim communities in relation to “New Terrorism”. Politics & Policy, 38(4), 789-815. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00258.x
SUNSHINE, J.; TYLER, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 37, 513–548. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
TYLER, T. (1988). What is procedural justice?: Criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. Law and Society Review, 22(1988), 103-135. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053563
_________. (2008). Procedural justice and the courts. Court Review, 44, 26-31.
TYLER, T.; JACKSON, J. (2013). Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 20(1), 78–95. Available: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034514
WALKER, S. (1983). The police in America: An introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill.
_________. (1984). Broken windows and fractured history: the use and misuse of history in recent police patrol analysis. Justice Quarterly, 1(1), 75-90. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418828400088041
WEBER, M. (1982). A política como vocação. In: H.H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills (Eds.). Ensaios de Sociologia, 55-89. Rio de Janeiro: LTC.
WORTLEY, R. (2003). Measuring police attitudes towards discretion. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30(5), 538–558. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854803254805
BAYLEY, D. H. (2006). Padrões de policiamento: Uma análise internacional comparativa. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 1. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
BERKMAN, M.; ESSERMAN, D. (2004). Police in the lives of young children exposed to domestic violence. Series early childhood, domestic violence, and poverty: helping young children and their families, (4). The University of Iowa. Available: https://clas.uiowa.edu/socialwork/sites/clas.uiowa.edu.socialwork/files/paper_4.pdf
BRADFORD, B. (2014). Policing and social identity: Procedural justice, inclusion and cooperation between police and public. Policing and Society, 24(1), 22-43. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2012.724068
BRADFORD, B.; QUINTON, P. (2014). Self-legitimacy, police culture and support for democratic policing in an english constabulary. British Journal of Criminology, 54(6), 1023-1046. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu053
BRONITT, S. H.; STENNING, P. (2011). Understanding discretion in modern policing. Criminal Law Journal, 35, 319-332. Available: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2611449
DE LINT, W. (1998). Regulating autonomy: Police discretion as a problem for training. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 40, 277-304. Available: http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=174386
DUNN, K.; ATIE, R.; KENNEDY, M.; ALI, J.; O’REILLY, J.; ROGERSON, L. (2016). Can you use community policing for counter terrorism? Evidence from NSW, Australia. Police Practice and Research, 17(3), 1-16. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1015126
EGGER, S.; FINDLAY, M. (1988). The politics of police discretion. In M. Findlay & R. Hogg (Eds.), Understanding crime and criminal justice (pp. 209-223). Sydney, Australia: The Law Book Company.
EREZ, E.; FINCKENAUER, J. O.; IBARRA, P. R. (2003). Introduction: policing a multicultural society. Police & Society, 7, 5-12.
FINNANE, M. (1990). Police and politics in Australia: The case for historical revision. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 23(4), 218-228. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589002300402
GALLAGHER, T. (1979). Discretion in police enforcement. In L. E. Abt & I. R. Stuart (Eds.), Social psychology and discretionary law (pp. 136-155). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
GOLDSMITH, A. (1990). Taking police culture seriously: Police discretion and the limits of the law. Policing and Society, 1, 91-114. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1990.9964608
GOLDSTEIN, H. (1963). Police discretion: The ideal versus the real. Public Administration Review, 23(3), 140-148. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/973838
___________. (2006). Policiando uma sociedade livre. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 9. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
GOODMAN-DELAHUNTY, J. (2010). Four ingredients: New recipes for procedural justice in Australian policing. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 4(4), 403-410. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paq041
GOTTFREDSON, M. R.; GOTTFREDSON, D. M. (1988). Decision making in criminal justice: Towards the rational exercise of discretion (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum.
GREENE, L. (2015). Before and after Michael Brown: Toward an end to structural and actual violence. Washington University Journal of Law and Policy, 49(1). Available: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol49/iss1/7/
HESTER, N.; GRAY, K. (2018). For Black men, being tall increases threat stereotyping and police stops. PNAS, 115(11), 2711-2715. Available: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1714454115
KELLING, G. (1999). “Broken windows” and police discretion. Research report. Washington, DC, United States of America: National Institute of Justice. Available: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178259.pdf
KINSEY, R.; YOUNG, J. (1982). Police autonomy and the politics of discretion. In: D. Cowell, T. Jones & J. Young (Eds.), Policing the riots (pp.118-134). London: Junction Books.
KLOCKARS, C. (1986). Street justice: Some micro-moral reservations: Comment on Sykes. Justice Quarterly, 3(4), 513–516. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418828600089091
MADON, N. S.; MURPHY, K.; SARGEANT, E. (2017). Promoting police legitimacy among disengaged minority groups: Does procedural justice matter more? Criminology & Criminal Justice, 17(5), 624-642. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895817692849
MONET, J. C. (2006). Polícias e sociedades na Europa. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 3. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
__________. (2002). O que faz a polícia: Sociologia da Força Pública. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 10. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
MUNIZ, J. O. Ser policial é, sobretudo, uma razão de ser: cultura e cotidiano da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro. Available: https://www.ucamcesec.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Ser_policial_sobretudo_razao_ser.pdf
PIKE, M. S. (1985). The principles of policing. London: Macmillan.
REINER, R. (2004). A política da polícia. Série Polícia e Sociedade, 11. São Paulo, Brazil: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
ROBINSON, C.; SCAGLION, R. (1987). The origin and evolution of the police function in society: Notes toward a theory. Law and Society Review, 20(1987), 109-154. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053387
SPALEK, B. (2010). Community policing, trust, and Muslim communities in relation to “New Terrorism”. Politics & Policy, 38(4), 789-815. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00258.x
SUNSHINE, J.; TYLER, T. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 37, 513–548. Available: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
TYLER, T. (1988). What is procedural justice?: Criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. Law and Society Review, 22(1988), 103-135. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053563
_________. (2008). Procedural justice and the courts. Court Review, 44, 26-31.
TYLER, T.; JACKSON, J. (2013). Popular legitimacy and the exercise of legal authority: Motivating compliance, cooperation, and engagement. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 20(1), 78–95. Available: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034514
WALKER, S. (1983). The police in America: An introduction. New York: McGraw-Hill.
_________. (1984). Broken windows and fractured history: the use and misuse of history in recent police patrol analysis. Justice Quarterly, 1(1), 75-90. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418828400088041
WEBER, M. (1982). A política como vocação. In: H.H. Gerth & C. Wright Mills (Eds.). Ensaios de Sociologia, 55-89. Rio de Janeiro: LTC.
WORTLEY, R. (2003). Measuring police attitudes towards discretion. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30(5), 538–558. Available: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854803254805
Publicado
2020-12-09
Como Citar
Gomes de Almeida, F. (2020). POLICE DISCRETION AND PROCEDURAL JUSTICE. Revista Do Instituto Brasileiro De Segurança Pública (RIBSP) - ISSN 2595-2153, 4(8), 78-88. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36776/ribsp.v4i8.120
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